Perhaps browsers could look for a /cookies.json file that provides more information in a standard format about what the cookies are and why they are needed.

Then the browser can display this however it is needed and let the user decide which to accept. Plugins could also automate this for the most popular websites so that only the necessary ones are used.

I just block all non-first party cookies with uMatrix. It's not perfect though and sometimes others have to be enabled, especially Google otherwise you'll spend your life completing Captchas.